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Measuring the Radioactivity of a Smoke Detector – Phys104
Instructor Notes

 

  • Computers are needed for lab this week
  • Three copies of a No Eating/Drinking sign should be printed: two taped up outside the lab, one on the blackboard
  • Logger Pro does not see the radiation monitor when the program is launched (the green 'Collect' button is grayed out) Students should first open the file from the T:\Phys104 drive, after which a 'Sensor Confirmation' window will pop up. Students click the Connect button, and all is well. This has been included in the lab instructions
    • We have six new Vernier Radiation Monitors with a mute switch, which should be turned off. The older versions lacked this switch and chirped incessantly.
  • Students are told that Am 241 is in the smoke detector
    • We no longer ask students to determine which isotope of Americium is in the smoke detector by looking at the chart of the nuclides. Phys152 lab still does this and I have an explanation in the 152 instructor notes
  • There is a very large discrepancy between the published activity rate (37 kBq) and the measured rate with the detector directly on the source (~500-600 Bq). There are two reasons that might explain this: there is still a small air gap between the source and detector; the published rate is for radiation emitted in all directions around a spherical source, and the detector is just measuring a small region
  • The mean number of counts will often be higher for 2 or 3 sheets of paper than 1 sheet. Remind students that they're only taking one minute of measurements. If they collected more data the results might be more like they expect
    • If students read the directions carefully (ha, ha), they are told in the Introduction that Am 241 is also a weak gamma (γ) ray emitter. Feel free to insert your own "Hulk, Smash!" joke
    • Here is a copy of my Logger Pro output, with calculations
  • Several will think that λ means they will be calculating a wavelength. *sigh*. Gently remind them that λ is the decay constant
  • Using the published activity rate (also on the cap) of 37 kBq, they will calculate a mass of about 0.3 μg:

Am mass calc

     

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