1. Mad Libs is a kid's game based on word substitutions. We can make one out of
   any short text, like this first verse of the Alma Mater:

   > Alma Mater, Old St. Lawrence,<br>
   > We are singing now of thee.<br>
   > May thy fair name dwell forever<br>
   > In our fondest memory.

   First we choose a few words to take out. Let's use these:
   > Alma Mater, Old St. Lawrence,<br>
   > We are ____ing now of thee.<br>
   > May thy ____ name dwell forever<br>
   > In our fondest ____.

   We then ask someone to give us new words (of the right types, but with no
   context) and plug them in to get a silly result:

   ```
   Enter a verb: float
   Enter an adjective: fabulous
   Enter a noun: noodles
   
   Alma Mater, Old St. Lawrence,
   We are floating now of thee.
   May thy fabulous name dwell forever
   In our fondest noodles.
   ```

   Write a program that behaves like this!  Name your program madlib.py. See if
   you can get the spacing to come out just right.  Your Mad Lib should have 4-6
   blanks. 

2. Compute the windchill given a temperature and wind speed using the formula
   provided by the [National Weather
   Service](https://www.weather.gov/media/epz/wxcalc/windChill.pdf). Name this
   file `windchill.py`.  Print the result rounded to one decimal place, like the
   23.7 below. As an example, your program input and output should look like the
   following:

   ```
   Enter temperature (F): 32.0
   Enter wind velocity (MPH): 10.0
   
   The wind chill for 32.0 degrees with a wind velocity of 10.0 MPH is 23.7 
   degrees.   
   ```

3. Write a function `num_digits` that takes one input parameter, an integer, and
   returns the number of digits in that integer. For example, if we were to call
   `num_digits(5132981)` it would return 7 because there are 7 digits in
   5132981. Hint: this is similar to the checksum program from the textbook
   reading.

4. Write a function named `estimate_population` that takes three input
   parameters: the rate of population change as a decimal, an initial
   population, and a number of years to estimate.  This function should return a
   population estimate using the following rule: $$P_{t+1} = P_t + rate * P_t$$.
   That is, the population of the next year is equal to the previous year’s
   population plus the previous year’s population times the rate.  Your function
   will need to repeat this calculation multiple times, as specified by the
   number of years to estimate.  For example, `estimate_population(0.0111,
   7.5e9, 3)` should return 7,752,532,482.

5. Write a function named draw_triangle that takes one input parameter and
   prints a triangle pattern of asterisks. For example, if the function argument
   is 6, then the function produces eleven rows of asterisks where the first row
   has one asterisk and the sixth row has six asterisks and the eleventh row has
   one asterisk as in the sample output below.

   Example output for `draw_triangle(6)`:
   ```
   *
   **
   ***
   ****
   *****
   ******
   *****
   ****
   ***
   **
   *
   ```
   CHALLENGE: Try to use only higher-order functions rather than traditional
   loops (not because this is required, but because it's a good mental task).

   HINT: You can create a string with three (3) asterisks using
   `Array.from({length: 3}).map(() => "*").join("")`.  There are other ways to 
   do this, but you might find this helpful.